Physics
Chemistry
Mathmatics
1.Physics
JEE (Main) Physics Syllabus
The
syllabus contains two Sections - A and B. Section - A pertains to the Theory
Part having 80% weightage, while Section - B contains Practical Component
(Experimental Skills) having 20% weightage.
SECTION A
UNIT 1: Physics and Measurement
Physics, technology
and society, S I units, Fundamental and derived units. Least count, accuracy
and precision of measuring instruments, Errors in measurement, Significant
figures. Dimensions of Physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its
applications.
UNIT 2: Kinematics
Frame of reference.
Motion in a straight line: Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and
non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity Uniformly
accelerated motion, velocity-time, position- time graphs, relations for
uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors, Vector addition and
Subtraction, Zero Vector, Scalar and Vector products, Unit Vector, Resolution
of a Vector. Relative Velocity, Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion, Uniform
Circular Motion.
UNIT 3: Laws of Motion
Force and Inertia,
Newton’s First Law of motion; Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion; Impulse;
Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its
applications, Equilibrium of concurrent forces.
Static and Kinetic
friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.
Dynamics of uniform
circular motion: Centripetal force and its applications.
UNIT 4: Work, Energy and Power
Work done by a
constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies, work
energy theorem, power.
Potential energy of
a spring, conservation of mechanical energy, conservative and non-conservative
forces; Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
UNIT 5: Rotational Motion
Centre of mass of a
two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of
rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of
angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration.
Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and
perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation,
equations of rotational motion.
UNIT 6: Gravitation
The universal law
of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and
depth. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy;
gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite.
Geo-stationary satellites.
UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids
Elastic behaviour,
Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus
of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications.
Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow,
Reynolds number. Bernoulli’s principle and its applications. Surface energy and
surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops,
bubbles and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat
capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer- conduction,
convection and radiation, Newton’s law of cooling.
UNIT 8: Thermodynamics
Thermal
equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work
and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics:
reversible and irreversible processes. Carnot engine and its efficiency.
UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases
Equation of state
of a perfect gas, work doneon compressing a gas.Kinetic theory of gases -
assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature: rms speed of
gas molecules; Degrees of freedom, Law of equipartition of energy,applications
to specific heat capacities of gases; Mean free path, Avogadro’s number.
UNIT 10: Oscillations and Waves
Periodic motion -
period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions.
Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a
spring -restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and
potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time
period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.
Wave motion.
Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a
progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves,
Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics,
Beats, Doppler effect in sound
UNIT 11: Electrostatics
Electric charges:
Conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law-forces between two point charges, forces
between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge
distribution.
Electric field:
Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines, Electric dipole,
Electric field due to a dipole, Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
Electric flux,
Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly
charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly
charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a
point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; Equipotential surfaces,
Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges in an
electrostatic field.
Conductors and
insulators, Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitor, combination of
capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor
with and without dielectric medium between the plates, Energy stored in a
capacitor.
UNIT 12: Current Electricity
Electric current,
Drift velocity, Ohm’s law, Electrical resistance, Resistances of different
materials, V-I characteristics of Ohmic and nonohmic conductors, Electrical
energy and power, Electrical resistivity, Colour code for resistors; Series and
parallel combinations of resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance.
Electric Cell and
its Internal resistance, potential difference and emf of a
cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and
their applications. Wheatstone bridge, Metre bridge. Potentiometer - principle
and its applications.
UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Biot - Savart law
and its application to current carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its
applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid.
Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
Force on a
current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two
parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced
by a current loop in uniform magnetic field; Moving coil galvanometer, its
current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a
magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent
solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
Para-, dia- and ferro- magnetic substances.
Magnetic
susceptibility and permeability, Hysteresis, Electromagnets and permanent
magnets.
UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating
Currents
Electromagnetic
induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents.
Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and rms value of
alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LCR series circuit,
resonance; Quality factor, power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator
and transformer.
UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic
waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, Xrays, gamma rays). Applications of e.m. waves.
UNIT 16: Optics
Reflection and
refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, mirror formula, Total
internal reflection and its applications, Deviation and Dispersion of light by
a prism, Lens Formula, Magnification, Power of a Lens, Combination of thin
lenses in contact, Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and
refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle, Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle. Interference, Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes, Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.
UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Dual nature of
radiation. Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s
photoelectric equation; particle nature of light. Matter waves-wave nature of
particle, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment.
UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha-particle
scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels,
hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes,
isobars; isotones. Radioactivity-alpha, beta and gamma particles/rays and their
properties; radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding
energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and
fusion.
UNIT 19: Electronic Devices
Semiconductors;
semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as
a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell and Zener
diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor
action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common
emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and
NOR). Transistor as a switch.
UNIT 20: Communication Systems
Propagation of
electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere; Sky and space wave propagation, Need
for modulation, Amplitude and Frequency Modulation, Bandwidth of signals,
Bandwidth of Transmission medium, Basic Elements of a Communication System
(Block Diagram only)
SECTION-B
UNIT 21: Experimental Skills
Familiarity with
the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:
- Vernier callipers - its use to measure
internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
- Screw gauge-its use to determine
thickness/diameter of thin sheet/wire.
- Simple Pendulum-dissipation of energy by
plotting a graph between square of amplitude and time.
- Metre Scale - mass of a given object by
principle of moments.
- Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material
of a metallic wire.
- Surface tension of water by capillary rise and
effect of detergents.
- Co-efficient of Viscosity of a given viscous
liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
- Plotting a cooling curve for the relationship
between the temperature of a hot body and time.
- Speed of sound in air at room temperature
using a resonance tube.
- Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid
and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
- Resistivity of the material of a given wire
using metre bridge.
- Resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
- Potentiometer - (i) Comparison of emf of
two primary cells. (ii) Determination of internal resistance of a
cell.
- Resistance and figure of merit of a
galvanometer by half deflection method.
- Focal length of: (i) Convex
mirror (ii) Concave mirror, and (iii) Convex lens using parallax
method.
- Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of
incidence for a triangular prism.
- Refractive index of a glass slab using a
travelling microscope.
- Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode
in forward and reverse bias.
- Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and
finding reverse break down voltage.
- Characteristic curves of a transistor and
finding current gain and voltage gain.
- Identification of Diode, LED, Transistor, IC,
Resistor, Capacitor from mixed collection of such items.
- Using multimeter to: (i) Identify base of
a transistor (ii) Distinguish between npn and pnp type
transistor (iii) See the unidirectional flow of current in case of a
diode and an LED. (iv) Check the correctness or otherwise of a given
electronic component (diode, transistor or IC).
2. Chemistry
Top
JEE (Main) Chemistry Syllabus
Section A: Physical Chemistry
UNIT 1: Some Basic concepts in Chemistry
Matter and its
nature, Dalton’s atomic theory; Concept of atom, molecule, element and
compound; Physical quantities and their measurements in Chemistry, precision
and accuracy, significant figures, S.I. Units, dimensional analysis; Laws of
chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses, mole concept, molar mass,
percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations
and stoichiometry.
UNIT 2: States of Matter
Classification of
matter into solid, liquid and gaseous states.
Gaseous
State:
Measurable
properties of gases; Gas laws - Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Graham’s law of
diffusion, Avogadro’s law, Dalton’s law of partial pressure; Concept of
Absolute scale of temperature; Ideal gas equation, Kinetic theory of gases
(only postulates); Concept of average, root mean square and most probable
velocities; Real gases, deviation from Ideal behaviour, compressibility factor,
van der Waals equation, liquefaction of gases, critical constants.
Liquid
State:
Properties of
liquids - vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension and effect of
temperature on them (qualitative treatment only).
Solid
State:
Classification of
solids: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and
crystalline solids (elementary idea); Bragg’s Law and its applications; Unit
cell and lattices, packing in solids (fcc, bcc and hcp lattices), voids,
calculations involving unit cell parameters, imperfection in solids;
Electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties.
UNIT 3: Atomic Structure
Discovery of
sub-atomic particles (electron, proton and neutron); Thomson and Rutherford
atomic models and their limitations; Nature of electromagnetic radiation,
photoelectric effect; Spectrum of hydrogen atom, Bohr model of hydrogen atom -
its postulates, derivation of the relations for energy of the electron and
radii of the different orbits, limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual nature of
matter, de-Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Elementary ideas of
quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical model of atom, its important features,
concept of atomic orbitals as one electron wave functions; Variation of Ψ
and Ψ2 with r for 1s
and 2s orbitals; various quantum numbers (principal, angular momentum and
magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance; shapes of s, p and d -
orbitals, electron spin and spin quantum number; Rules for filling electrons in
orbitals - aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule,
electronic configuration of elements, extra stability of half-filled and
completely filled orbitals.
UNIT 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Kossel - Lewis
approach to chemical bond formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic
Bonding: Formation of ionic bonds, factors affecting
the formation of ionic bonds; calculation of lattice enthalpy.
Covalent
Bonding: Concept of electronegativity, Fajan’s rule,
dipole moment; Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory and shapes
of simple molecules.
Quantum
mechanical approach to covalent bonding: Valence bond
theory - Its important features, concept of hybridization involving s, p and d
orbitals; Resonance.
Molecular
Orbital Theory - Its important features, LCAOs, types of
molecular orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular
orbital electronic configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of
bond order, bond length and bond energy.
Elementary idea of
metallic bonding. Hydrogen bonding and its applications.
UNIT 5: Chemical Thermodynamics
Fundamentals
of thermodynamics: System and surroundings,
extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes.
First
law of thermodynamics: Concept of work, heat internal
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law of constant
heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation,
atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization and solution.
Second
law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes; ΔS of
the universe and ΔG of the system as criteria for spontaneity, ΔGo (Standard Gibbs energy change)
and equilibrium constant.
UNIT 6: Solutions
Different methods
for expressing concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction,
percentage (by volume and mass both), vapour pressure of solutions and Raoult’s
Law - Ideal and non-ideal solutions, vapour pressure - composition, plots for
ideal and non-ideal solutions; Colligative properties of dilute solutions -
relative lowering of vapour pressure, depression of freezing point, elevation
of boiling point and osmotic pressure; Determination of molecular mass using
colligative properties; Abnormal value of molar mass, van’t Hoff factor and its
significance.
UNIT 7: Equilibrium
Meaning of equilibrium,
concept of dynamic equilibrium.
Equilibria
involving physical processes: Solid -liquid, liquid - gas and
solid - gas equilibria, Henry’s law, general characterics of equilibrium
involving physical processes.
Equilibria
involving chemical processes: Law of chemical equilibrium,
equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance, significance of ΔG
and ΔGo in chemical
equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration, pressure, temperature,
effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle.
Ionic
equilibrium: Weak and strong electrolytes, ionization of
electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted - Lowry
and Lewis) and their ionization, acid - base equilibria (including multistage
ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion
effect, hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly
soluble salts and solubility products, buffer solutions.
UNIT 8: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Electronic concepts
of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for
assigning oxidation number, balancing of redox reactions.
Eectrolytic and
metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar
conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch’s law and its
applications.
Electrochemical
cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes,
electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half - cell and
cell reactions, emf of a Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and
its applications; Relationship between cell potential and Gibbs’ energy change;
Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells; Corrosion and its prevention.
UNIT 9: Chemical Kinetics
Rate of a chemical
reaction, factors affecting the rate of reactions: concentration, temperature,
pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex reactions, order and molecularity
of reactions, rate law, rate constant and its units, differential and integral
forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half -
lives, effect of temperature on rate of reactions - Arrhenius theory,
activation energy and its calculation, collision theory of bimolecular gaseous
reactions (no derivation).
UNIT 10: Surface Chemistry
Adsorption -
Physisorption and chemisorption and their characteristics, factors affecting
adsorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms,
adsorption from solutions.
Catalysis -
Homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity of solid catalysts,
enzyme catalysis and its mechanism.
Colloidal
state - distinction among true solutions, colloids
and suspensions, classification of colloids - lyophilic, lyophobic; multi
molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and
properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis,
dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.
Section B: Inorganic Chemistry
UNIT 11: Classification of Elements and Periodicity
in Properties
Modem periodic law
and present form of the periodic table, s, p, d and f block elements, periodic
trends in properties of elementsatomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy,
electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
UNIT 12: General Principles and Process of
Isolation of Metals
Modes of occurrence
of elements in nature, minerals, ores; steps involved in the extraction of
metals - concentration, reduction (chemical. and electrolytic methods) and
refining with special reference to the extraction of Al, Cu, Zn and Fe;
Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of
metals.
UNIT 13: Hydrogen
Position of
hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of
hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water; Structure,
preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Classification of
hydrides - ionic, covalent and interstitial; Hydrogen as a fuel.
UNIT 14: s - Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline
Earth Metals)
Group
1 and Group 2 Elements
General
introduction, electronic configuration and general trends in physical and
chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the first element of
each group, diagonal relationships.
Preparation and
properties of some important compounds - sodium carbonate, sodium chloride,
sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate; Industrial uses of lime,
limestone, Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg
and Ca.
UNIT 15: p - Block Elements
Group
13 to Group 18 Elements
General
Introduction: Electronic configuration and general trends in physical and
chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the groups; unique
behaviour of the first element in each group.
Groupwise study of
the p – block elements
Group
- 13
Preparation,
properties and uses of boron and aluminium; Structure, properties and uses of
borax, boric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride, aluminium chloride and alums.
Group
- 14
Tendency for
catenation; Structure, properties and uses of allotropes and oxides of carbon,
silicon tetrachloride, silicates, zeolites and silicones.
Group
- 15
Properties and uses
of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic forms of phosphorus; Preparation,
properties, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, phosphine and
phosphorus halides, (PCl3, PCl5); Structures of oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen
and phosphorus.
Group
- 16
Preparation,
properties, structures and uses of dioxygen and ozone; Allotropic forms of
sulphur; Preparation, properties, structures and uses of sulphur dioxide,
sulphuric acid (including its industrial preparation); Structures of oxoacids
of sulphur.
Group
- 17
Preparation,
properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid; Trends in the acidic
nature of hydrogen halides; Structures of Interhalogen compounds and oxides and
oxoacids of halogens.
Group
- 18
Occurrence and uses
of noble gases; Structures of fluorides and oxides of xenon.
UNIT 16: d – and f – Block Elements
Transition
Elements
General
introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics, general
trends in properties of the first row transition elements - physical
properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour,
catalytic behaviour, magnetic properties, complex formation, interstitial
compounds, alloy formation; Preparation, properties and uses of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Inner
Transition Elements
Lanthanoids -
Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid
contraction.
Actinoids -
Electronic configuration and oxidation states.
UNIT 17: Co-ordination Compounds
Introduction to
co-ordination compounds, Werner’s theory; ligands, co-ordination number,
denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination
compounds, isomerism; Bonding-Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal
field theory, colour and magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination
compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and in biological
systems).
UNIT 18: Environmental Chemistry
Environmental
pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil.
Atmospheric
pollution - Tropospheric and stratospheric
Tropospheric
pollutants - Gaseous pollutants: Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and
sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources, harmful effects and prevention; Green
house effect and Global warming; Acid rain; Particulate pollutants: Smoke,
dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and prevention.
Stratospheric
pollution - Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion
of ozone layer - its mechanism and effects.
Water
Pollution - Major pollutants such as, pathogens,
organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
Soil
pollution - Major pollutants such as: Pesticides
(insecticides,. herbicides and fungicides), their harmful effects and
prevention.
Strategies to
control environmental pollution.
Section-C: Organic Chemistry
UNIT 19: Purification and Characterisation of
Organic Compounds
Purification -
Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography
- principles and their applications.
Qualitative
analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus
and halogens.
Quantitative
analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus.
Calculations of
empirical formulae and molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic
quantitative analysis.
UNIT 20: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Tetravalency of
carbon; Shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p); Classification of
organic compounds based on functional groups: - C = C - , - C ? C - and those
containing halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur; Homologous series; Isomerism
- structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature
(Trivial and IUPAC)
Covalent bond
fission - Homolytic and heterolytic: free radicals, carbocations and
carbanions; stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and
nucleophiles.
Electronic
displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect,
electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
Common
types of organic reactions - Substitution, addition,
elimination and rearrangement.
UNIT 21: Hydrocarbons
Classification,
isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation, properties and
reactions.
Alkanes -
Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of
halogenation of alkanes.
Alkenes -
Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of
hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoff’s and peroxide
effect); Ozonolysis, oxidation, and polymerization.
Alkynes -
Acidic character; Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and hydrogen halides;
Polymerization.
Aromatic
hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and
aromaticity; Mechanism of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration,
Friedel - Craft’s alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional
group in mono-substituted benzene.
UNIT 22: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
General methods of
preparation, properties and reactions; Nature of C-X bond; Mechanisms of
substitution reactions.
Uses; Environmental
effects of chloroform, iodoform, freons and DDT.
UNIT 23: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
General methods of
preparation, properties, reactions and uses.
Alcohols,
Phenols and Ethers
Alcohols: Identification
of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration.
Phenols: Acidic
nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration and
sulphonation, Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
Ethers: Structure.
Aldehyde
and Ketones
Nature of carbonyl
group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of
aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic addition
reactions (addition of HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent;
oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner and Clemmensen); acidity of ? - hydrogen,
aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to
distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
Carboxylic
Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it.
UNIT 24: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
General methods of
preparation, properties, reactions and uses.
Amines: Nomenclature,
classification, structure, basic character and identification of primary,
secondary and tertiary amines and their basic character.
Diazonium
Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
UNIT 25: Polymers
General
introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of polymerization
- addition and condensation, copolymerization;
Natural and
synthetic rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on
their monomers and uses - polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.
UNIT 26: Bio Molecules
General
introduction and importance of biomolecules.
Carbohydrates -
Classification: aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides (glucose and fructose),
constituent monosaccharides of oligosacchorides (sucrose, lactose, maltose) and
polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen).
Proteins -
Elementary Idea of amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides; Proteins: primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only),
denaturation of proteins, enzymes.
Vitamins -
Classification and functions.
Nucleic
Acids - Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.
Biological functions of nucleic acids.
UNIT 27: Chemistry in Everyday Life
Chemicals
in medicines - Analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics,
disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids,
antihistamins - their meaning and common examples.
Chemicals
in food - Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents
- common examples.
Cleansing
agents - Soaps and detergents, cleansing action.
UNIT 28: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
• Detection of
extra elements (N,S, halogens) in organic compounds; Detection of the following
functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl (aldehyde and
ketone), carboxyl and amino groups in organic compounds.
• Chemistry
involved in the preparation of the following:
Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
Inorganic compounds: Mohr’s salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitroacetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
• Chemistry
involved in the titrimetric excercises - Acids bases and the use of indicators,
oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4.
• Chemical
principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:
Cations - Pb2+ , Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+.
Anions- CO32-, S2-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, CI-, Br, I. (Insoluble salts excluded).
Cations - Pb2+ , Cu2+, AI3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+.
Anions- CO32-, S2-, SO42-, NO2-, NO3-, CI-, Br, I. (Insoluble salts excluded).
• Chemical
principles involved in the following experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. .
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base. .
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature.
3.Mathe-Matics
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JEE (Main) Mathematics Syllabus
UNIT 1: Sets, Relations and Functions
Sets and their representation; Union,
intersection and complement of sets and their algebraic properties; Power set;
Relation, Types of relations, equivalence relations, functions;. one-one, into
and onto functions, composition of functions.
UNIT 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations
Complex numbers as
ordered pairs of reals, Representation of complex numbers in the form a+ib and
their representation in a plane, Argand diagram, algebra of complex numbers,
modulus and argument (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a
complex number, triangle inequality, Quadratic equations in real and complex
number system and their solutions. Relation between roots and co-efficients, nature
of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots.
UNIT 3: Matrices and Determinants
Matrices, algebra
of matrices, types of matrices, determinants and matrices of order two and
three.Properties of determinants, evaluation of determinants, area of triangles
using determinants. Adjoint and evaluation of inverse of a square matrix using
determinants and elementary transformations, Test of consistency and solution
of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables using determinants and
matrices.
UNIT 4: Permutations and Combinations
Fundamental
principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement and combination as
selection, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple applications.
UNIT 5: Mathematical Induction
Principle of
Mathematical Induction and its simple applications.
UNIT 6: Binomial Theorem
Binomial theorem
for a positive integral index, general term and middle term, properties of
Binomial coefficients and simple applications.
UNIT 7: Sequences and Series
Arithmetic and
Geometric progressions, insertion of arithmetic, geometric means between two
given numbers. Relation between A.M. and G.M. Sum upto n terms of special
series: Sn, Sn2, Sn3. Arithmetico - Geometric
progression.
UNIT 8: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
Real - valued
functions, algebra of functions, polynomials, rational, trigonometric,
logarithmic and exponential functions, inverse functions. Graphs of simple
functions. Limits, continuity and differentiability. Differentiation of the
sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions. Differentiation of
trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and
implicit functions; derivatives of order upto two. Rolle’s and Lagrange’s Mean
Value Theorems. Applications of derivatives: Rate of change of quantities,
monotonic - increasing and decreasing functions, Maxima and minima of functions
of one variable, tangents and normals.
UNIT 9: Integral Calculus
Integral as an anti
- derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts
and by partial fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities.
Evaluation
of simple integrals of the type
Integral as limit
of a sum. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Properties of definite integrals.
Evaluation of definite integrals, determining areas of the regions bounded by
simple curves in standard form.
UNIT 10: Differential Equations
Ordinary
differential equations, their order and degree. Formation of differential
equations. Solution of differential equations by the method of separation of
variables, solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations of the
type:
UNIT 11: Co-ordinate Geometry
Cartesian system of
rectangular co-ordinates in a plane, distance formula, section formula, locus
and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel and
perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes.
Straight
lines
Various forms of
equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines,
conditions for concurrence of three lines, distance of a point from a line,
equations of internal and external bisectors of angles between two lines,
coordinates of centroid, orthocentre and circumcentre of a triangle, equation
of family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines.
Circles,
conic sections
Standard form of
equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and
centre, equation of a circle when the end points of a diameter are given,
points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and
condition for a line to be tangent to a circle, equation of the tangent.
Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and
hyperbola) in standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and
point (s) of tangency.
UNIT 12: Three Dimensional Geometry
Coordinates of a
point in space, distance between two points, section formula, direction ratios
and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines. Skew lines, the
shortest distance between them and its equation. Equations of a line and a
plane in different forms, intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines.
UNIT 13: Vector Algebra
Vectors and
scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and
three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple
product.
UNIT 14: Statistics and Probability
Measures
of Dispersion
Calculation of
mean, median, mode of grouped and ungrouped data. Calculation of standard
deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.
Probability
Probability of an
event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability, Baye’s theorem,
probability distribution of a random variate, Bernoulli trials and Binomial
distribution.
UNIT 15: Trigonometry
Trigonometrical
identities and equations. Trigonometrical functions. Inverse trigonometrical
functions and their properties. Heights and Distances.
UNIT 16: Mathematical Reasoning
Statements, logical
operations and, or, implies, implied by, if and only if. Understanding of
tautology, contradiction, converse and contrapositive.
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