PRADHAN MANTRI SHIKSHA YOJANA

SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA)

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is Government of India's flagship programme for achievement of Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time bound manner, as mandated by 86th amendment to the Constitution of India making free and compulsory Education to the Children of 6-14 years age group, a Fundamental Right.

SSA is being implemented in partnership with State Governments to cover the entire country and address the needs of 192 million children in 1.1 million habitations.

The programme seeks to open new schools in those habitations which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets, drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grants.

Existing schools with inadequate teacher strength are provided with additional teachers, while the capacity of existing teachers is being strengthened by extensive training, grants for developing teaching-learning materials and strengthening of the academic support structure at a cluster, block and district level.

SSA seeks to provide quality elementary education including life skills. SSA has a special focus on girl's education and children with special needs. SSA also seeks to provide computer education to bridge the digital divide.

' Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan ' (The teaching for every one), is an Indian Government proposal targeted at the universalization of basic teaching "in a instance bound way", as directive by the 86th alteration to the Indian Constitution creating free & education to kids of six to fourteen years of age (predictable to be two hundred and five million in number by 2001) a basic right. This program was founded by Atal Bihari Vajpayee. SSA is being realized in corporation with State Governments so as to cover the whole country & address the requirements of 192 million kids in one point one million habitations. This program is aimed to start fresh schools in those regions which do not consist of schooling amenities & strengthen current school infrastructure by means of extra class rooms, lavatory, drinking water, safeguarding grant & school development funding. Available schools with insufficient teacher force are given with extra teachers, while the faculty of present tutors is being increased through widespread training, funding for rising teaching-learning resources & strengthening of the educational support arrangement at a group, block & district stage. SSA looks to give quality basic teaching including living skills. SSA consists of an individual spotlight on girl's learning and kids with particular requirements. SSA as well looks to give computer learning to link the digital split.

Goals of SSA for the year 2001 are summarized as below:

Open fresh schools in those regions not having schools & and to enlarge present school infrastructures & protection efficiently.

Attend to insufficient teacher figures, & give training for the overall growth of the teachers currently doing the job.

Give quality basic education counting life ability with a particular spotlight on the learning of girls & children with individual requirements and also provide the required computer learning to  the children of the country.

RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

This scheme was launched in March, 2009 with the objective to enhance access to secondary education and to improve its quality. The implementation of the scheme started from 2009-10. It is envisaged to achieve an enrolment rate of 75% from 52.26% in 2005-06 at secondary stage of implementation of the scheme by providing a secondary school within a reasonable distance of any habitation. The other objectives include improving quality of education imparted at secondary level through making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms, removing gender, socio-economic and disability barriers, providing universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of 12th Five Year Plan and achieving universal retention by 2020.

Important physical facilities provided under the scheme are:-

(i) Additional class rooms, (ii) Laboratories, (iii) Libraries, (iv) Art and crafts room, (v) Toilet blocks, (vi) Drinking water provisions and (vii) Residential Hostels for Teachers in remote areas.

Important quality interventions provided under the scheme are:-

(i) appointment of additional teachers to reduce PTR to 30:1, (ii) focus on Science, Math and English education, (iii) In-service training of teachers, (iv) science laboratories, (v) ICT enabled education, (vi) curriculum reforms; and (vii) teaching learning reforms.

Important equity interventions provided in the scheme are:-

(i) special focus in micro planning (ii) preference to Ashram schools for upgradation (iii) preference to areas with concentration of SC/ST/Minority for opening of schools (iv) special enrolment drive for the weaker section (v) more female teachers in schools; and (vi) separate toilet blocks for girls.

Implementation mechanism of the Scheme:-

The scheme is being implemented by the State government societies established for implementation of the scheme. The central share is released to the implementing agency directly. The applicable State share is also released to the implementing agency by the respective State Governments.

Revision of certain norms of the Scheme:-

The Government of India has approved the following revised norms of RMSA, with effect from 01.04.2013 :

• To permit State/UT Governments to use State Schedule of Rates(SSOR) or CPWD Rate, (whichever is lower) for construction of civil works permissible under the RMSA.
• To increase the Management, Monitoring Evaluation and Research (MMER) from 2.2 percent to 4 percent of the total outlay under the programme, with 0.5 percent of the 4 percent earmarked for national level and the rest of the 3.5 percent as part of the State allocation. In cases of States where even with this enhanced allocation of 3.5 percent MMER would not be adequate and would hamper the activities under the head, within the 3.5 percent of the overall State MMER component; variations across State/UTs can be approved by the PAB, subject to a maximum of 5 percent of the outlay in any particular State/UT.
• To subsume the other Centrally Sponsored Schemes of Secondary Education– Information and Communication Technology (ICT)@ School, Girls’ Hostel, Inclusive Education for Disabled at Secondary Stage(IEDSS) and Vocational Education(VE) in their existing form under the Umbrella of RMSA.
• To extend the benefits of RMSA to aided Secondary Schools (excluding infrastructure support/core areas, i.e. Teacher’s salary and Staff salary) for quality interventions as per RMSA umbrella schemes components for aided schools.
• To continue existing fund sharing pattern of 72:25 for the remaining of the 12th Plan the period for non-NER States and 90:10 for NER States (including Sikkim).
• To authorize the RMSA Project Approval Board (PAB) of the Ministry of Human Resource Development to consider for approval Integrated Plan of the umbrella scheme of RMSA, including the four subsumed Centrally Sponsored Schemes of Secondary Education.
• To authorize the release of funds to the RMSA State Implementation Society directly for all components of the RMSA umbrella scheme.

For more details, click here: http://rmsaindia.org/en/

Jan Shikshan Sansthan :-

Jan Shikshan Sansthan (formerly known as Shramik Vidyapeeth) have a challenging mandate of providing vocational skills to non-literate, neo-literates as well as school drop-outs by identifying skills that have a market in the region of their establishment. The scope of work of Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs) includes the following:

Develop/Source appropriate curriculum and training modules covering vocational elements general awareness and life enrichment components.

Wherever possible, JSSs are encouraged to undertake training equivalent to courses designed by the Directorate of Adult Education, National Institute of Open Schooling and Director General, Employment & Training.

Provide training to a pool of resource persons and master trainers for conducting training as also availability of infrastructure and training - specific equipment.

Administer simple tests and award certificates.

Network with employers and industries for trainees to get suitable placements

Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs), have been categorized into three categories, namely, Category 'A', Category 'B' and Category 'C'. The quantum of assistance provided for each category is as under:

Budget head	Category 'A'(in lakh)	Category 'B'(in lakh)	Category 'C'(in lakh)
Emoluments	16	15	13
Program	19	15	13
Office Expenses	5	5	4
Recurring (Total)	40	35	30
Non-recurring(for infrastructure and equipment)	One time grant of Rs. 15 lakh only to the new JSSs

Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs), have been categorized into three categories, namely, Category 'A', Category 'B' and Category 'C'. The quantum of assistance provided for each category is as under: